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Nagao-shi was a Japan samurai clan.Edmond Papinot. (1906). Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Nagao," Nobiliare du Japon, p. 39; retrieved 2013-5-5.
They are one of the 'Bando Hachi Heishi', the 'eight Taira clans of Kanto region' (the Chiba, Miura, Nagao, Kazusa, Doi, Chichibu, Oba, and Kajiwara clans, respectively).
The family name of Nagao began when Kagehiro, settled at Nagao no sho estate, in Sagami Province, and took the name of the place. The Nagao were the Kasai (Head retainers) of the Uesugi clan, and were the Shugodai (vice-Governors) of Echigo, Kozuke, and Musashi Province provinces.
The Kamakura Nagao branch, was called the Kamakura Nagao because they lived in Kamakura. This branch of the clan were the lords of Kanno castle. A junior member of the Kamakura Nagao, Nagao Masanaga settled in the Koshigeyama area, and became lord of Tatebayashi castle.
The Shirai Nagao branch were Shugodai (vice-Governors) of Kozuke and Musashi provinces and lords of Aomi, Hachigata and Shirai castles.
The Echigo Nagao branch were Shugodai of Echigo Province. This branch of the clan built and controlled Kasugayama Castle and the surrounding fief, in what is now Niigata Prefecture. Nagao Kagetora, adopted by Uesugi Norimasa, became lord of Kasugayama castle in 1548, taking the name Uesugi Kenshin and effectively becoming the head of the Uesugi clan.
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